Reservoir Management

• Reservoir Analysis - is fundamental to the successful development of almost every reservoir. It includes the development of a complete geological and petrophysical description using such information as logs, cores, pressure and production tests to determine net pay, fluid content, stratification, and reservoir areal extent. Reservoir analysis integrates rock description, fluid properties (PVT), and reservoir flow characteristics to yield reliable production forecasts for use in cash flow projections. Comprehensive reservoir studies frequently result in the identification of field development alternatives, workover possibilities, revisions to operating methods, and options for supplemental recovery.

• Waterflood Studies- for new or mature projects involve an evaluation of the waterflood moveable oil saturation, waterfloodable pore volume, and volumetric sweep efficiency. Waterflood studies identify the important variables which impact a particular waterflood. These include such items as waterflood versus primary net pay determination, fluid saturations, pattern effects, stratification, fillup time, and injectivity. Results of these studies, presented in a report, provide incremental waterflood production forecasts on which project profitability can be computed. Waterflood surveillance and monitoring  guidelines are custom designed to fit specific reservoir and operator needs.

• Reservoir Simulation - provides for optimal field recovery by predicting reservoir performance under alternate development plans and various reservoir drive mechanisms. Ideal for evaluating various field development scenarios to maximize production opportunities and minimize costs. Studies can range from single-well black oil analyses to multi-well compositional studies, including full-field simulations. Simulations can be performed using either VIP, ECLIPSE or MERLIN software packages.

• Reserve Estimates - are used as an internal management tool as well as in securing loans, preparation of prospectus for public stock offerings, mergers, sales, or trades and estate valuations. Where applicable, reserves are classified according to stage of development and method under which they will be produced. A written report includes projections of future production, revenue, operating and developmental costs, and operating income. Estimates of fair market value are provided upon request.

• Gas Field Studies - determine the future production (gas and natural gas liquids) from wells and fields in gas and gas-condensate reservoirs. Using the proper producing mechanism for the reservoir, calculations incorporate reservoir description, fluid and rock properties, reservoir pressure, production tests, and pressure transient test results. From this, an economic analysis can be made to justify expenditures for optimum well and facilities development, compressor installation, or the construction of pipelines and gas plants.

• Unitization Studies - provide an independent and impartial assessment of all engineering and geological data for the establishment of parameters for use in negotiating unit participation factors in conjunction with primary or secondary recovery projects. These studies can be performed on behalf of a single owner or for all owners involved in a given project. Based on our experience, we can offer suggestions and technical advice to an engineering or management committee to facilitate or expedite the creation of a production and cost sharing participation formula.

• Pressure Transient Test Analysis - is a fundamental component of formation evaluation. The determination of important formation properties needed to optimize an individual completion or to properly develop an entire reservoir can be calculated from these tests. They allow the diagnoses of well productivity problems and the determination of reservoir properties required to design the optimal depletion plan. Pre and post stimulation tests may be designed to optimize completion practices thus achieving a maximum reward to investment ratio for the expenditures.

• Enhanced Oil Recovery - represents the recovery of oil or natural gas liquids by the injection of fluids such as carbon dioxide, flue gas, nitrogen, oxygen, and/or steam. It requires a special approach to reservoir evaluation, data gathering, performance predictions, and field application. Utilizing special logging and coring procedures plus laboratory evaluation and reservoir simulation, determination of the proper process, timing, and operating procedures for enhancing the recovery of oil or natural gas liquids from certain reservoirs can be made. Our experience includes hydrocarbon gas injection, thermal recovery, and carbon dioxide injection projects.

• Project Management - provides client engineering staffs access to particular experience and expertise not available within the company. This allows client engineers to do the work while Cobb & Associates provides the direction and knowledge of how to work the problem. Considerable training is usually accomplished during the process, and periodic review sessions are held to assure the project remains focused and moving forward.

• Reservoir Surveillance Programs - provide short and long term plans for the overall management and optimization of the reservoir. Key parameters which will drive the ultimate recovery from a reservoir are identified and a plan developed to provide for their surveillance.

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